Human Services Program and Profession Unit 1 discussion Research Paper

Human Services Program and Profession Unit 1 conversation - Research Paper Example I perceived that it feels amazing to help with anything I can, for example, giving individuals help with different circumstances through the current information and assets I realize that can help. The vision that I could be an instrumental supporter of the improvement of mankind’s prosperity drove me to the field of human administrations. What are a portion of the populaces and profession settings you might want to work with later on? I at present am a single parent with three children and anything I realize I wouldn't fret sharing. A portion of the populaces I look forward working with are kids confronting different types of misuse. I imagine myself as a clinical social specialist and spotlight on discovering available resources to forestall and limit youngster misuse. The â€Å"Tips for Online Success† introduced in the Illinois Online Network proffered appropriate methods that would help understudies through the term. As revealed, the ten hints center around taking part; asking when a few regions need explanations; being effectively included and submitted; and exploiting the advantages of separation or web based learning. Truly, it is one’s individual dispute that when understudies are truly dedicated to realize, regardless of whether in conventional homeroom setting or through online modules, the target to apply what one realized is of central

Asthma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asthma - Research Paper Example An individual discovers it incredibly demanding to remove air in and from the lungs during an asthma assault. This is on the grounds that the internal layer of the cylinders passing on air between the throat and lungs become swollen somewhat shutting the aviation route (5). There is additionally expanded emission of bodily fluid, which further serves to limit the aviation route. The kindled aviation route is touchy to various substances, which makes asthmatic patients be incredibly oversensitive to different substances. The exact reason for asthma is obscure; in any case, analysts accept that there is a communication of some hereditary and ecological components, which realize asthma. This typically occurs during the beginning times of advancement. Insights show that around 23 million Americans have asthma, 7 million of them being younger than eighteen years (Murphy 7). The hereditary and natural factors that cause asthma incorporate atopy, youth respiratory diseases, contact with air borne allergens, having asthmatic guardians, and contact with some popular sicknesses during early stages or youth as the safe framework is creating (What Is Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). Atopy is the inherited penchant of creating asthma. The Hygiene Hypothesis attempts to clarify the reasons for asthma by recommending that decreased presentation to different youth illnesses because of the profoundly sterile Western way of life influences children’s safe frameworks, making them progressively inclined to atopy and asthma. There is no known remedy for asthma and the sickness can emit whenever regardless of the patient inclination fine. It is, in this way, basic to regard manifestations when one notification them to forestall the movement of a mellow assault into a solid assault. Therefore, one has to know asthma side effects to remember them. The most widely recognized indications of asthma are wheezing, hacking, brevity of breath, and chest snugness (What Is Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). I n any case, having these signs doesn't generally imply that an individual has asthma. Thus, an individual showing these indications needs to see a specialist for legitimate determination utilizing the lung work test and a physical assessment. Numerous things set off or disturb asthma conditions including allergens got from dust, shape, dust, creature hide, and cockroaches. Tobacco smoke, residue, and splashes likewise contain aggravations that can start asthma assaults. Viral contaminations of the upper respiratory tract, for instance, colds, a few prescriptions (nonsteroidal calming drugs and nonselective beta-blockers), and sulfites present in groceries and refreshments additionally trigger asthma assaults (What Is Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). Incredible physical movement, for example, activities may likewise exacerbate the side effects of asthma. Other wellbeing conditions for example â€Å"a runny nose, sinus contaminations, reflux ailment, mental pressure, and rest apnea† make the administration of asthma all the more testing and should be dealt with, too (What Is Asthma? - NHLBI, NIH). The distinguishing proof of asthma depends on clinical and family ancestries, test results, and a physical assessment. The foundation of clinical and family ancestries includes deciding the recurrence and seriousness of asthma manifestations. It is likewise basic to decide the specific times of the assaults, for instance, certain times or periods of the year. Physical assessment includes the specialist paying special mind to asthma signs, for example, â€Å"wheezing, a runny nose, swollen nasal entries and hypersensitive skin conditions, for example, eczema†

What is Jury Duty Learn About Leave, Pay, and More

What is Jury Duty Learn About Leave, Pay, and More You have probably watched a movie or TV show regarding some trial or the involvement of the courtroom.There you have probably noticed some people sitting on the sides of the room itself.As the trial goes on, the evidence is presented and after a while Judge asks those same people what is their final verdict.They give one and the judge either agrees or adds his own voice to correct it.If you are from Europe, this justice system is probably familiar to you only from this type of movies, since this represents the justice system used mostly in the USA, which functions on a different basis than its European counterpart.In this text, we will go over the basics of what the jury duty is, who can be elected as a member of a jury and how does jury duty affect people who are already employed.WHAT IS JURY DUTY?A jury is a group of people selected by the state to listen to the trial and give their final verdict of whether the accused is guilty or not.It is a great responsibility to be a member of the jury because in some cases their decision can make a huge impact on someone’s life.Whether we talk about guilty or innocent people, it is not an easy decision to make, and that is why not everyone can be part of the jury.There are several types of the jury, so let us get into it.1. Petit or Small JuryThis is the most common type of jury that you had probably heard of before.Usually, it consists of 12 members and their main responsibility is to listen to the lawyers and witnesses of both the defendant and the accuser and take all the evidence into account.After that is done, the judge will call for a rest so the jury can debate and make a decision.During that rest time, jury members need to decide and agree among themselves if the defendant is guilty or not guilty.Their decision can be both unanimous or only the majority of votes are needed, depending on the type of the trial.In most criminal trials, their decision has to be unanimous, which means that all 12 members of the ju ry have to agree about the same decision.In case they cannot agree on a verdict, then it is called the hung jury.2. Grand JuryNowadays the Grand jury usually exists mostly in Federal courts and it is used to examine all the evidence for criminal trials and deciding if there is enough of it to push the trial forward. It is usually larger than Petit jury.The important thing is that this type of jury can work without knowledge of the accused.It is also used to examine some evidence prior to someone’s arrest and to determine whether that evidence is sufficient to make an arrest.3. Coroner’s JuryAs you probably already know, coroners are state officials whose job is to determine the cause of death whenever a suspicious death happens or whenever they are asked to do it by the police or federal institutions.Coroners can ask the court to assemble the Coroner’s jury, which is used to boost the public confidence in the evidence submitted by the coroner.This usually happens in high profi le cases, like the murder of police officers.WHO CAN BE SELECTED FOR JURY DUTY?Serving as a juror is considered as a great honor in the United States.But, as we had already mentioned, not everyone can be selected to perform jury duty.There are several rules and factors which state officials consider when they perform the choosing process.So let us go over it and see who can be selected for jury duty, shall we?There are slight differences between different states, but these are the general requirements needed in every state.Only people over 18 years old qualify for a position of a juror;Only registered residents of a state can perform jury duty;A person can perform jury duty only in its place of residence, which means in the state they live;Their English proficiency should be high enough to fill in needed forms;Previously convicted people cannot be part of the jury;A person needs to be both mentally and physically able to perform the jury duty.Now, when you see the second point on th is list, you may ask why do you often see US immigrants as members of a jury?Well, it is quite simple.Most of them do have a driver’s license, hence they are being viewed as registered residents.However, they can evade being selected by proving that they are not in fact registered, by showing their immigration documentation, passport or just their green card.All of these rules may seem quite strict, but there are valid reasons why it is done this way.This short video explains what are the main qualifications needed for a juror and how the members of the jury are selected. IS IT POSSIBLE TO AVOID JURY DUTY?Being a jury is a great honor for every citizen, but it also comes with a risk.There are stories of some jury members whose family lives were threatened by the third party in order to influence their vote.Although those are mostly stories, we all know that most stories are based on true events.This alone can induce fear into some people so they would try to avoid their jury duty. Once selected for jury duty, it is not recommended to try to avoid it, because it is punishable by law.Once selected, you must show up on a trial, otherwise, you may face not just financial, but also jail punishment in the most severe cases.Fines for avoiding jury duty varies from city to city, from state to state. They usually go from $200 up to $2.000.The other way to punish people is to give them negative points.For example, if you have avoided jury duty and sometimes in the future you get pulled up for speeding, you would not just get speeding ticket, but you might be sent to jail for avoiding jury duty too.So it is not recommended to avoid jury duty, unless absolutely necessary.Of course, the state does have an understanding if the person really cannot come to the trial, because of harsh living conditions or indisposed family relative.In that case, those people are not obligated to come.Another way of avoiding the jury duty is by deferring.You can send a mail where you state yo ur reasons for which you cannot show up at the trial and suggest a date on which you would be able to come.EMPLOYED JURORSWhen it comes to the people who have their own jobs, what do you think happens when they are called to join the jury? Do they get free days and do their employers have right not to pay them for that day or days in some cases?This situation can cause some stress among both employers and employees because one needs his employees to do the required work and latter needs to work to get some money.Luckily, the law clearly defines all these things.It is stated that if employees are called to perform their jury duty, the employer must give them a day off.In that case, the employee would be able to go to the court and there, apart from performing their duties, one of the two things could happen.First is that sometimes jury members get dismissed early, which means that jurors would be free during the day. In that case, they could go back to work if it is possible.Another thing is that sometimes, there are very difficult and long cases, so the jury has to come to the multiple court sessions, which is, of course, not so popular thing among employers, because some trials could last for months.WHAT DOES JURY DUTY LEAVE MEAN?When employees are called to do their jury duty, they usually get a leave of absence from the work, so they could perform their civic duty and attend the court.That leave of absence is called Jury duty leave and it can be both paid and unpaid, depending on the length of the process.The law states that every employer has to allow his employees to do their jury duty, otherwise employer himself could get punished.Sometimes that could be a problem, especially in those months, which are very important for the company’s business.In that case, the employer is allowed to write a complaint and send it to the court, and the court would then decide if that complaint is valid and, if needed, release the employees of their jury duty until they are free to do it.DOES EMPLOYEE GET PAID?As already mentioned above, jury duty leave can be paid and unpaid.The only common thing is that employers are forced to give time off the work to any employee who is invited to do jury duty.As court trials can take a long time, it wouldn’t be fair to ask employers to keep paying their employees for such a long time even if they are in no ability to work full hours because of their jury duty.That is why law defines rates and conditions for both employers and employees.These laws are not universal for each state, which means they vary from one state to another.Laws in some states have policies that clearly define the amount of paid days employee could get for performing jury duty.If that limit is crossed, then the state itself pays a certain amount of money to the jury members, depending on different factors, like their own salaries.All of this depends on the state itself because different states have different laws.States usually leave mana ging this up to the companies, so they have to make valid policies on jury duty.When doing this, they need to take into the account what the laws in that state say, whether it is mandatory for employers to pay the full amount or whether the state pays some percentage of the amount needed.That amount varies from state to state, but it is usually the number of money employees would have earned if they had been working instead of being on jury duty. In some states, the law clearly says that employer must cover those expenses and that employers are not allowed to reduce that amount. It also depends on the actual type of work.People who work for the government institutions and those who work in a private sector have different types of employers, thus, the law defines slightly different actions for those groups.We will present some of the results of the study conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).Government EmployeesThe results show that out of all people who are employed in a state government sector, around 92% of those people get their payment for jury duty leave, which is a really astonishing number.It is a slightly different situation for people who are employed in a local government sector. Around 88% of them get their payment for jury duty leave.As for the people who work for the Federal government, all of them get their normal salaries even during jury duty leave, which is understandable, since they are working for the highest level of the government.Private Sector EmployeesWhen we talk about the employees who work in the private sector, the situation is not so good as it is in the government sector.The situation there is that only 68% of the employees get their payment for jury duty leave.This number varies and it is not fixed for all jobs in the private sector.It mostly depends on the job itself, whether it is highly paid or not.The title is also very important, which means that important people who are doing some jobs that are considered presti gious, probably get paid for their jury duty leave.On the other side, there are jobs that are classified lower on the list, so on those jobs, there is a higher chance of people not getting paid for their jury duty leave.WHAT EMPLOYERS CAN AND CANT DO?Having to pay for jury duty leave for your employees can be frustrating, especially during the peak months of the business season, when the employers tend to earn the most money.But, it is something that must be done, because the laws clearly state it and rejecting it could potentially mean financial punishment.So let us explore what employers can and cannot do in this situation.FORBIDDEN FRUITWhen their employees get an invitation to join jury duty, employers are put in a difficult position, because they usually have to allow paid jury duty leave to the employee in question, which is just one more expense for the company itself.But, since it is defined by law, it is something which has to be done, whether employers like it or not.There are two things employers are definitely not allowed to do in this situation.Employers are not allowed to fire the employees because they got invited to join the jury â€" since jury duty is a mandatory civic duty, by terminating the employment contract, employers would break not just moral codex of the nation, but also the law itself, set by the constitution.Employers are not allowed to exploit and threaten their employees â€" the situation is the same as with the previous Mandatory civic duties must be performed, so if employees feel threatened and feel like their job is in jeopardy, they can with all rights sue their employer.EMPLOYERS OBLIGATIONSAs the Federal law states that employers do not have to give full salary to the employees whose jury duty leave is longer than it is stated in the jury duty policy, they still need to do something, which is very important for both employee and the company itself.By following these simple obligations, employers can make good jury duty leav e policy, which doesn’t have to hurt the company too much.Employers are obligated to allow leave of absence to employees who are called to perform their jury duty â€" As we have already mentioned, this is not up to debate. The law clearly states that it must be done, so every employer has to accept it. They need to let the employees perform their duties for as long as it is needed.Employers are obligated to keep paying the employee’s insurance â€" It is mandatory to do it during the period they are out on jury Apart from insurance, some other benefits are included too.Employers are obligated to reinstate the employees to their old position â€" In case that court process takes longer, employers usually tend to find some replacement until their employee is back from the jury duty. But after employees are back, then need to be reinstated to the position they had before without losing any benefits.By following these simple rules, the person who is in charge of making jury duty leave policy for the company can create a good policy, which would allow that jury duty has really minimal impact on the way company is conducting business.It would benefit both the company and the employees, since they will feel much safer, knowing that their company is responsible and that it is willing to protect its employees.That way, they would accept their jury duty invitation with more ease and would be able to clear their heads and focus on what is really important when it comes to the jury duty, since members of a jury are not there to hang around, but to do serious things, because each and every decision they make could affect the lives of every person who is standing in front of them in that courtroom.That is why it is important for them to keep their heads cool and focus on evidence that lawyers present and testimonies witnesses make, so they could make a rational decision, that would be very satisfying to everyone.More importantly, that rational decision should not just be satisfying, but should also be right.Putting the right criminal behind bars or saving the innocent person from the claws of prison. Those are two very different things.WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO AS A JUROR?Since we went over the whole process of getting to the jury seat, now it is the time to tell you what would you have to do if you get there yourself.The first step is to take an oath. Same as with everyone else who comes to the court to testify, members of the jury have to take an oath as well.Of course, they swear that they will consider all the evidence presented to them by attorneys, that they will follow all instructions given by the judge and that they will eventually reach a verdict that is both right and fair towards everyone present.Next important thing to remember is that members of a jury are not allowed to talk about the case to anyone while the trial is in progress.Not even amongst themselves.Apart from that, they should avoid reading about the case they are on since negativ e propaganda could cloud their judgment regarding the verdict.Following that, members of the jury are not allowed to make assumptions about the case and can only use the evidence presented to them in order to reach the final verdict.All outside factors are not to be considered.FINAL WORDNow that we have presented everything you need to know if you get jury duty invitation yourself, you are ready to do your duty as a member of a jury.Remember all those rules and you will not have problems doing it.In fact, you might find out that you quite enjoy being a member of a jury.

The Matrix, By Directors Lana And Larry Wachowski Essay

Due to technology more advanced, it is only natural for people to question the possibilities and dangers as well its consequences to our society. Science fiction genres are great depictions and visual representations that can bring possible answers to our doubts. In the film The Matrix (1999), directors Lana and Larry Wachowski convey their idea that freedom is when you can fully control you own life and the theme of Reality Vs. illusion through characterization, setting and the films visual effects. The protagonist Neo, is a hacker who believes that he is not truly awake and feels an unexplainable doubt in his life. He is then awakened by Morpheus, the leader of the resistance against the matrix, into an apocalyptic world where machines control peoples’ minds through a program called â€Å"the matrix†. Throughout their battle in rescuing the human race, the crucial idea of what true freedom is, constantly stirs up not only the characters but also the viewer’s mi nds. Would we call living in a reality full of chaos being free, or would we rather live in an illusion where you are free and the society is perfect, but in reality being locked up in a tube? The theme of Man Vs Machine is communicated through characterization and costume. The matrix is an example of human devolution, when Machine takes over human species. In the film, humans are enslaved by machines in an invisible prison where they perceive they live normal lives, but in reality they are controlled by the machines.Show MoreRelatedThe National Lgbtq Task Force Transgender1504 Words   |  7 Pagestransgenders and gay and lesbian these past couple years, for exampleâ€Å", Last year, Americans enthusiastically supported Chaz; nee Chastity Bono as an openly transgender dancing contestant on national television. Hollywood film director of The Matrix Lana; (nee Larry) Wachowski was celebrated in the press for sharing her painful past of growing up transgender,† said Eve Glickman writer for apa.org. Glickman also talked about how there are more studies are exploring treatment for transgender people

Fossil Fuels And Their Impact On The Environment - 862 Words

Fossil Fuels and Their Impact on the Environment The amount of fossil fuels being deposited into the air should be controlled. Not only do fossil fuels pose a threat to the environment, but also to human health. The problem is not only noticeable in the depletion of human health, but also in the air, water, and land. Emissions are a concerning contribution to other problems such as global warming and greenhouse gases as well. One of the major factors of fossil fuels are vehicles. Vehicles emit harmful gases into the air such as particulate matter, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Emissions from vehicles are dangerous to the elderly, people who have asthma, small children such as infants, and anyone who may have a different disease such as cancer. When these aforementioned subjects breathe in the emissions from vehicles it may cause health problems, or even worse- death. In order to minimize the health risks and problems, individuals can conserve energy and minimize the miles by doing tasks such as carpooling or walking (Nutrient Pollution). There are many sources as well as solutions to the effects of fossil fuels. Major contributors to emissions include cars and trucks, coal-fired power plants, large industrial operation, and ships and airplanes (Nutrient Pollution). By limiting and keeping a close eye on these factors, it may save the environment. Emissions include ammonia andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Energy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels511 Words   |  3 PagesEnergy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are one of the most important things on this planet to the human race. Without fossil fuels we wouldnt have todays current means of transportation, we would have less heating for the general population, energy uses would be more expensive, and overall the economy and the world would not be able to sustain themselves. Even still, the fact that fossil fuels are on this planet will never change, but how we use them and what impacts their use hasRead MoreFossil Fuels And Renewable Energy Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate are at fossil fuels and renewable energy. Energy efficiency is arguably the most dire concern facing the planet, because it significantly impacts all areas of everyday life. Common ground can be found in this controversy because both parties do agree that humans have a responsibility to future generations. That responsibility is to preserve the resources of the Earth, while offering this generation energy that is affordable and accessible. Many people contend that fossil fuels, while beingRead MoreFossil Fuels ( Oil, Coal, Natural Gas )1743 Words   |  7 Pages Fossil Fuels (Oil, Coal, Natural Gas) Debbie Burrell SCI2000 Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that were form billions of years ago. The three different types of fossil fuels in the world include: oil, coal and natural gas. Although each of the three types of fossil fuels are extracted differently they are all processed and used as the world’s primary sources of energy. Being the world’s primary sources of energy, fossil fuel experienceRead MoreCompanies And Climate Change Case Study944 Words   |  4 PagesCompanies Impact on Climate Change According to Mindy S. Lubber president of Ceres, â€Å"many U.S. companies today are still downplaying the possible risks of climate change and its far-reaching business impacts.† Still using fossil fuels and releasing carbon dioxide in large amounts will have large effects on the Earth, if companies aren’t careful. The idea of global warming has been around in the United States for many years. In fact, climate change has had effects on people and the environment for aRead MoreEssay on Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuels518 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Impact of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels cause pollution, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Fossil fuels really do negatively impact our environment, especially when it comes to global warming, Although there is controversy over whether or not fossil fuels are causing the planet to warm, or whether it is warming naturally, there is significant research that supports the former hypothesis. When fossil fuels are burned, they emit different levels of carbonRead MoreOur Impact On The Environment Essay689 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tragedy of the Commons has been used to explain how human interference has resulted in negative outcomes for the natural environment. Those who maintain resources by a community controlled basis seem to care much more about who else uses them. The people are worried about how much of the resource they will be able to benefit from and how much they can have which makes them more concerned about the possibility of someone else overusing the limited resource (diamond, et al, 2007). One person won’tRead MoreThe Drilling Of The Oil922 Words   |  4 PagesPetroleum is made into various products such as gasoline/ diesel fuel, home heati ng oil, fertilizers, and plastic products (Energy Quest 2012). 74 percent of our oil is used for transportation including, trucks, buses, cars, and planes (Energy Quest 2012). Drilling of the oil is a costly process and has severe effects to the environment. Drilling on land requires a lot of space, disturbing the natural animal habitats, while drilling at sea impacts surrounding marine life (ELI 2015). Petroleum is toxic andRead MoreAnalysis Of Renewables Or Bust And Its Effects On Our Health And Environment?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesproduces this haze and what are the impacts on our health and environment?† (Fischetti). The average amount of energy consumed per person has dramatically increased over the past several hundred years (Christensen, 482). The prevalence of fossil fuel use in our world is a primary cause of these hazy conditions as well as increased pollutants in the environment which has leads to increased illnesses in humans (Fischetti). The prevalent usage of t hese types of fuels are the leading cause of many environmentalRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution, people have utilized fossil fuels to power their homes, cars, and businesses. Unfortunately, our stores of fossil fuels are running low, and they have been demonstrated to increase the temperature in the atmosphere and accelerate global warming. As gas prices steadily rise, people need a newer, cleaner source of energy. The alternatives are numerous and would be beneficial to the well being of the whole world. The human race must replace its fossil fuel use with renewable resources inRead MoreThe world depends heavily on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, and while700 Words   |  3 Pages The world depends heavily on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, and while the worlds population and energy consumption continue to increase, the non-renewable resources we need to produce energy will eventually be depleted. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the supply of oil left in the world will last us twenty five more years. One may say that twenty five years is a long time, and by then new sources of fuel will surely have replaced the nonrenewable

An Adventurous Attitude was Characteristic of Roosevelt Free Essays

â€Å"It is common sense to take a method and try it,† explained Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. â€Å"If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. We will write a custom essay sample on An Adventurous Attitude was Characteristic of Roosevelt or any similar topic only for you Order Now † This adventurous attitude was characteristic of Roosevelt, who in his four terms as President, made boundless efforts to end the Depression of the 1930s, and to turn back the Axis Powers in World War II. Depression-stunned Americans first elected Roosevelt to office in 1932, after he promised them a new deal for American people. Roosevelt plunged into the Presidency determined to restore American confidence, because he felt that he national government had the final responsibility for the people†s welfare. Between March and June 1933, known as the First Hundred Days, Roosevelt easily persuaded Congress to create a series of New Deal agencies to combat the Depression. The agencies formed included the Civilian Conservation Corps, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Farm Security Administration, Home Owners Loan Corporation, and following months brought the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also enacted during the First Hundred Days was legislation such as the Emergency Banking Relief Act, and the The Civilian Conservation Corps was created to put jobless young men to work in state forests and parks, planting trees, and constructing roads and erosion-control dams. At its peak, 500,000 men between the ages of 18 and 25 were put to work by the Corps, and a total of 2. 5 million had seen service The most pressing problem facing Roosevelt when he took office was to aid the 13 to 15 million unemployed workers and their families. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was created and given a $500 million ppropriation to provide food and other necessities for the unemployed. FERA led to the creation of the Civil Works Administration, which put millions of unemployed workers back to work through $900 million worth of maintenance and repair of local facilities, such as schools, airports, and sewage systems. The CWA was soon absorbed by the Public Works Administration, which concentrated on construction and conservation projects. To improve the situation of the American farmer, Roosevelt set up the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, whose solution was to boost farmers† ncome by reducing the number of crops. Farmers who agreed to limit their output of staple crops were given payments by the Administration. As the supply of crops decreased, farm prices increased. In three years, farm income increased from $5. 6 billion to $8. 7 billion. The Tennessee Valley Authority was created to develop the largely untapped resources of the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The purpose of the TVA was to control the river†s destructive flood waters, improve its navigational facilities, and produce low-cost electrical power for the surrounding area. Flood waters were contained through the construction of 32 dams, which opened up large tracts of land for agricultural and industrial use. Cargo shipping was increased by over 70 times the previous amount through constructing locks in 9 dams, which enlarged and deepened the channel, and encouraged the construction of port facilities. The TVA has also conducted an effective forestry program, replanting eroded timberland, and exploring new methods of fire prevention and forest management. The Great Depression caused more than two-fifths of the nation†s farmers o lose their farms, and become tenant farmers. To halt the decline in farm ownership, the Farm Security Administration was set up to provide low-interest, long-term loans that would enable tenant farmers to buy and operate their own farms and retire worn out land from use. The FSA also regulated the wages and hours of migrant workers, and helped nearly 40,000 Many homeowners were threatened with foreclosure as the Great Depression wore on, and the Home Owners Loan Corporation was established to help. The HOLC was authorized to use $3 billion in bonds which were exchanged for ortgages, which were then converted into monthly installments over 15 years at low interest rates. About 1 million homeowners were given financial aid, on approximately 20% of all urban dwellings. To enforce the Truth-in Securities Act, which required that all stocks and bonds offered for public sale be registered with the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission was established. Set up to stop an economic depression from occurring again, the SEC was empowered to license all stock exchanges and regulate the manner in which securities were The Emergency Banking Relief Act confirmed the President†s right to close banks, setting standards for their reopening, and giving the President broad powers over the nation†s money and banking systems. Banks began to reopen under strict new regulations and government supervision, and the export of gold was prohibited, and the US was taken off the international Gold Standard. The act soon led to basic reforms of the banking system. The National Industrial Recovery Act suspended anti-trust laws, permitting firms to ease competition by rationing production and making price greements. In exchange, they promised to improve working conditions, reduce the work week, abolish child labor, and guarantee the right of their employees to organize and bargain collectively. Tailored to meet an immediate crisis, these early New Deal actions, though failing to end the economic slump, greatly eased the burdens of farmers, workers, and industrialists. A series of Supreme Court decisions that struck down the AAA and the NIRA led Roosevelt to launch a Second New Deal, which included the Social Security Act, Wagner Act, and set up the Works Many older Americans saw their life savings wiped out during the Great Depression, and were forced to rely on their children for support. To alleviate the burden of the family, and to provide a measure of security for the unemployed and their families, the Social Security Act was passed. The Act provided survivors† and disability insurance, public assistance, unemployment insurance, and old age retirement insurance. Various welfare measures were also mandated such as aid to dependent children, and aid to The Wagner Act gave Congress jurisdiction over the labor practices of mployers engaged in interstate commerce. The Act upheld the workers† rights to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing. Under the Act, the National Labor Relations Board was established to deal with charges of unfair labor practices and to issue cease and desist orders. The number of unionized workers grew rapidly from 3. 5 million to about 15 million in the first years of the Wagner Act. The purpose of the Works Progress Administration was to reduce dependence on private charity and federal, state, and local relief by putting eople to work on a variety of needed projects. Over 8. million individuals were put to work on over 1. 4 million individual projects, including building schools, hospitals, and post offices. Hundreds of artists and writers also found work under the Federal Arts Program, which was created by the WPA. The last major reform of the New Deal was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The Act abolished child labor, and provided for an initial minimum wage of 25 cents an hour and a maximum workweek of 44 hours. Hourly wages were gradually lifted to 40 cents and the workweek reduced to 40 hours, with ime and a half pay for overtime. These controls applied only to firms engaged in interstate commerce, and affected nearly 2 million workers. Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal committed the federal government to act forcefully to prevent future economic disasters through direct intervention in virtually every aspect of economic life-from agricultural prices to the workings of the stock exchange. The New Deal energized the labor movement, and so swelled the number of people in the Democratic Party that it remained the nation†s major political party for several decades. How to cite An Adventurous Attitude was Characteristic of Roosevelt, Essay examples

Marketing Actions and Functions

Question: Write a report on any small or medium size company of Australia. It should include the followings: This assignment is in report form with the following headings:- Executive summary- Clear and concise target market, segments and positioning (includes positioning mapping) followed by the company- Comments on both Micro and Macro environmental forces affecting the company- Brief analysis of consumer perceptions and behaviour about the brand/company- Marketing Mix Answer: Introduction The marketing management assists the actions and functions, which are occupied in the distribution of commodities and services. In order to meet the increasing competition, the need for marketing management had increased. The significance of marketing mix has also augmented due to the need for enhanced techniques of distribution in order to decrease cost and to enhance profits. The importance of marketing mix is also due to the introduction of new products in the market. An effective marketing management in order to increase the base of the customer as well as to improve the opinions of the customers uses the resources of a company. This in turn increases the professed value of the company. The marketing management is mainly concerned with the chalking out of a specific program after the cautious analysis of the marketing condition. Aramac Food Pty Ltd is the small enterprise of Australia which has specialize its product in extracting flavor and syrup. The company adopted some unique marketing policies which made them to earn revenue better than other companies of Australia (Kotler 2012). Target Market Age The age for the customers lies from 1-100. They specialized in flavoring extract and the syrup. The target market covers all the age group who has a liking for syrup and flavoring extract. (Hollensen 2015). Gender The company covers the market of all age along with all gender. Though, mainly it covers the children and the women. Children gets attracted as the products could add flavor and chocolate in their milk. They even target the women as they could include the syrup as well as the flavoring extract in their recipes (Wrigley 2014). Interest The company covers the market of all age and gender. They mainly target people who like to add chocolate and flavoring extract in their food (Hollensen 2015). Geographic Location The company targets are in the Australian market. They mainly target the market of New South Wales of Australia (Hollensen 2015). Occupation Aramac Food Pty Ltd does not cover people according to any particular occupation. It can be brought to any family because of its low price and fine taste (Wrigley 2014). Segmentation Aramac Food Pty Ltd segmented the market into various groups. They segmented each group according to their choice of taste, preference and likings (G. Budeva and. Mullen 2014) Geographic Segmentation The company sells its product in the Australian market. It has its main focus on the New South Whales market (Cross et al. 2015). Demographic Market The company segmented its market according to different Age. The company segmented its product for different age. The syrup can be used for the children to add in their food to make it more. However; it creates a demand for the product. On the other hand women would like to add flavor with the product. It would add an extra advantage for their recipes (McDonald 2012). Psychological segmentation Aramac Food Pty Ltd segmented the product according to various attitude and interest of the people. The company segmented according to various lifestyles. The customers are there who would buy more of its product than its necessary. The segmentation of the customers also depends on their interest for the use of it. Like people with hobbies in cooking would like to use the syrup and the flavoring extract in their food. The company further segmented its product according to the taste. It has customers with different taste so the company made different flavors to satisfy the taste of each customer (Wrigley 2014). Behavioral Segmentation The company is established in the year of 1982 they have customers who are using their syrups and flavoring extracts for long time. They are the loyal customers of the company. The company specializes in manufacturing as well as in wholesaling. However, they give extra advantage of their customers through discount. While the company also has customers who started to use the product recently are the potential and the first time users. The company tries to capture their market through the usage of varies in terms of taste and flavor (McDonald 2012). Segmentation by benefits The company further segmented its product according to the quality and the image. A child of 7years has totally different image than that of his mother. The child would like to buy the product to add taste to his foods. However, the mother wants to make innovative recipes through the usage of it (Cross et al. 2015). Positioning The Aramac Food Pty Ltd is positioned as one the small enterprise of Australia. The company though shares a profit which I same comparing with the average company of the country. It manufactures the product and wholesales it to dealers. The company attracts a huge number of customers through their innovative process manufacturing and targeting their product. The product positioned for manufacturing the low cost product with high in quality. The company has a very low budget but earns more revenue comparing with its investment. The company is marketing the product through establishing an image in front of the customers. It is created through its unique process of marketing mix. It utilizes its price, product, place, promotion and people. The position of the market enables it to gain importance from its customers (Dulea Iulia - Andreea 2014). Target Market Analysis The best way to position its company is though a vivid analysis of its potential market. A company needs to develop the position strategy through the use of the target customers. The people, who want, need and has interest on the product. Aramac Food Pty Ltd utilizes the above strategy in positioning their product. The company consists of target audience of all age. But it has mainly children and women as their potential customers. So, they capture and utilize the market in terms of its position. The children want to have their product in their daily food. The company positioned it as they introduce variety of flavor for them. Naturally the parents are getting the product in a low cost. So, to meet their childs demand they used to buy them and use it regularly (Tompson and Kennedy 2013). Positioning in Advertisement Advertisement acts as an important factor to determine the position. Though, because of low investment of the company cannot invest in the advertisement. Though, they are using the online sites to position their product in the market (Slack 2015). Online sites offer search engine which is the most popular way to search the product for new generation. It enables them to position their produce in the market in much cost effective way. Positioning through price The company has its customers of all occupation. The product is used by most of the families. So, people with low income would have tough if the product is of high cost. Moreover the customers are mainly children. However, the company strategies lie to make the position in the market through its low price. It enables even the children to but the product with its low price. The low price strategy helps them to get a competitive advantage. People with low income groups prefer the brands of Aramac Food Pty Ltd rather than any other high price product of other brands (Handfield 2015). Positioning through Sales location The company targets mainly the market of North South Whales. It has numerous markets like Byron Bay market, The Bondi Market etc. the location consists of wide variety of customers along with the tourists. The company tries to capture the market of it. The company gets a wide variety of customers from the market. It has wide options of transportation so that it can be distributed to other markets. The good transport availability helps the customers to visit in the market of New South Wales. However, the company enables to capture wide variety of customers as well as other markets of Australia (Slack 2015). Micro Environment The micro environment consist are controlled by the management people. Customers Customers are the most important factor for any company. They are the one who leads to establish the demand for the product. Aramac Food Pty Ltd has the strongest customers. The customers demand enables the company to sales its product without much participation in the promotional activities. The customers mainly the children enable the company to have the regular customers (Mende et al. 2013). Employees The company does not consist of huge number of employees. It a small company with less number of employees. But its employees loyalty and coordination enables the firm to ensure a quality product for its customers (Lovelock et al. 2014). Competitors The company has wide variety of competitors in the brand of flavoring extract and the syrup. However, the company has strength over their competitors as they mainly produce branded products. Now with brands they are highly expensive products. It becomes tough for the low income parents to afford such brands regularly for their child. So the company gets an advantage over other brands for its pricing strategy (Paharia et al. 2014). Public The public refers to the people in general. It consists of people like environmentalists, customer protection groups, media person and the local people. It is important for the company to effective mange the group as it acts their opinion and views acts as an important factor (Hollensen 2015). Suppliers The company needs to have a good relation with the suppliers. Aramac Food Pty Ltd maintains that. This helps them to maintain the quality of their pocduct to be same for years. The suppliers of Aramac Food Pty Ltd enable them to provide products which are high I quality and reliability. The suppliers provide them with product with warranties and the products are obviously low in cost (Peck et al. 2013). Marketing Intermediaries Aramac Food Pty Ltd does only manufacture the product but they also wholesale their product. Now, the company needs to establish good relationship with the wholesalers and the agents so that help their product to sale in more quantity (Hollensen 2015). The efficient intermediaries would enable to act as a marketing agent. As they directly face the customers so it becomes easy for them to influence their customers. Macro environment Political Aramac Food Pty Ltd produces product is mainly consumed by the children. It is regulated by the Food Safety Standards. The company needs to maintain the firm standard as per the laws. Australia has a different set of laws and regulations. The laws are either loose or they are stringent. The company needs to understand the political situation of the country. At times there is political unrest. It is mainly due to the inflation in some markets. Aramac Food Pty Ltd need to understand the political factors attached with it and work accordingly (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). Economic The recent economic downturn affected the company to some extensive level. The company needs to construct a strong sales and marketing team so that they could overcome such situations. Economic conditions has the highest influence in terms of any kind of business regardless of the trade it is in. though the company gets wide amount of revenue even in the economic downturn. It enables the company to get advantage over its competitors in terms of sales (Babatunde and Adebisi 2012). Social The company has a great influence of the society and the culture. It is mainly consumes by the children and the women in their recipes. The product need to maintain the quality mainly because of the children consumes it. The company needs to understand the psyche of the market and need to change accordingly (Lefebvre 2013). Technological The company produces the product in very less amount. The reason makes them not to use much of advanced technological machine. However, the demand for the product is increasing and the market is changing to more of advanced technology (Manyika et al. 2013). The company needs to adopt such strong technology in their product and produce it accordingly. Legal The law for the food and the beverage industry has become more stringent. The company needs to understand it. The main strategy o the company is to produce low cost food. The company needs to understand that for low cost foods they need to maintain the quality as well. Though, the company produces products which have high quality value. They need to adopt policies to maintain that (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Environmental The environmental sustainability has become one of the major concerns for the generation. Now, the company needs to adopt policy according to it. They need to adopt measures to support the environment. The company needs to adopt policy so that they are more environmental friendly. They need to curtail policies which they use goes against the environment (Hollensen 2015). Consumer Perceptions and Behavior The perception and the behavior depend upon the companys growth. Aramac Food Pty Ltd produces products for all age groups and that can e used by people of all income group. The perception of the customers enables the brand to make it sales high or low. The company has customers whose perception and the behavior and acting positively. However, it enables the brand to make more revenue from it (Cantallops and Salvi 2014). Influencing perception The company Aramac Food Pty Ltd is in the market for a long time. It enables the customers to use the product for longer period of time. The company also maintains its quality. It enables the customers to have perception that they want to use the product throughout their life. Reaching customers The company reaches a wide variety of customers through its intermediaries. It enables the customers to have faith on the brand. The faith does not only come from its loyal customers but also from the first time users. The first time users get the impression of the brands through its wholesalers and the retails. The companys good relation with the intermediaries enables them to reach wide among of customers (Aaker 2012). Risk perception The perception and the behavior of the customers also add with the risk factor of the company. There is always a risk associated with every product. Now the risk affects the customers to a large extend. It directly relates with the assumptions and the perceptions of the brand. It could on the other hand change the customers behavior on the brand. It is consumes by the children so Aramac Food Pty Ltd need to maintain the safety policy for its product (Kotler 2012). Customer retention The company needs to have plans for its growth. The growth can be achieved through expanding the customer base and the retention of the customers. The retention would help to expand the loyal customers. The loyal customers on the other hand ensure to expand the brand through suggesting it to other people (Mende et al. 2013). More the company retains its customers more the customers behavior would affect the brand in a positive way. Marketing Mix The marketing mix mainly refers to the set of actions as well as strategies that is used by a company in order to promote the products that is produced by the company. The marketing mix generally refers to the four Ps that includes the product, price, place and promotion. Price Price generally refers to that the value that is charged by a company. The Aramac Food Pty ltd. is mainly a small flavoring extract and syrup company and that is the reason the price it charges for the product are reasonable. The price mainly relies on the costs of production as well as the ability of the market to pay as well as to demand and supply. If the company charges a lower price for its product then it will in turn enhance the image of the product (Borden 2015). Product It mainly refers to the item that is being sold on the actual basis. The product that is delivered by Aramac Food Pty ltd. is the flavoring extract and syrup. However, being a small company the product that it delivers must deliver a minimum level of performance (Pavlou and Stewart 2015). Place The point of sale is referred to as the place. The Aramac Food Pty ltd. products are sold at a single location. This in turn does not help the company to draw many customers. As a result, the Aramac Food Pty ltd. should make the use of the place strategy to attract more customers to buy its products. (Goi 2015). Promotion Promotion is that activity that needs to be undertaken to make the product of a company known to the purchasers. The promotional strategies include the positive word of mouth, advertisement as well as incentives. However, Aramac Food Pty ltd. being a small company does not make use of the promotional strategies. The elements of marketing mix manipulate each other in the sense that these elements make up the exact business policy that leads to the success of the company. The marketing mix involves a lot of understanding as well as market research (Gordon 2012). Recommendations Aramac Food Pty Ltd is one the emerging firm of Australia. It has its strategy of maintain the low price for its product. The company does not use much promotional activities. However the company needs to understand the market of Australia. New companies are emerging in a fast pace. They all have the strategy to attract the market through lowering their price. The customers can shift into those brands because of better promotions of new entrants. The company needs to involve into the promotional activities like advertising through print media. They can even publicize their product through social networking sites as that would not take much involvement of cost (Aaker 2012). Aramac Food Pty Ltd should also involve in adding more variety of products into their segments. They could add chocolates and ice cream in their segments. The company can also expand their business through online sale. They need to create a website and can sell their product through those websites. They can add a mascot like clown or any cartoon character so to attract more children (Kotler 2012). Conclusion It can thus be concluded that the Aramac Food Pty ltd. being a small flavoring extract and syrup company should mainly focus on the marketing mix strategies. The target market includes each customers starting from the youth to the elder people and makes their sale be augmented. The strategies include low cost products to its customers. The company should incorporate the promotion strategies so that they can make their products known to the global customers. It is also recommended that the company should adapt innovative technologies so that they can compete with the big chocolate companies. Reference: Babatunde, B.O. and Adebisi, A.O., 2012. Strategic environmental scanning and organization performance in a competitive business environment.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,64(1), pp.24-34. Borden, N.H., 2015. The concept of the marketing mix. Harvard Business school. Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi, F., 2014. New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, pp.41-51. https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/44242.pdf Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: an exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer International Publishing. Dulea Iulia - Andreea 2014, "BRAND POSITIONING. AN ANALYZE OF THE ROMANIAN CHOCOLATE BARS MARKET FROM YOUNGSTERS PERSPECTIVE",Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy,vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 409-438. Budeva, D. R. Mullen, M. 2014, "International market segmentation",European Journal of Marketing,vol. 48, no. 7/8, pp. 1209-1238. Gillam, S. and Siriwardena, A.N., 2013. Leadership and management for quality.Quality in primary care,21(4), pp.253-259. Goi, C.L., 2015. Marketing Mix: A review of'P'. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2005. Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 20(2), pp.122-126. https://www.aasm.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/AASM-Viewpoint-Vol-1-Issue-2-Ross-Gordon-Rethinking-the-social-marketing-mix.pdf Handfield, R., 2015. Book Review: Sourcing Portfolio Analysis. Power Positioning Tools for Category Management Strategic Sourcing.Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation,1(3), pp.231-235. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., 2012.Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Lefebvre, R.C., 2013.Social marketing and social change: Strategies and tools for improving health, well-being, and the environment. John Wiley Sons. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P.G. and Wirtz, J., 2014.Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P. and Marrs, A., 2013.Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy(Vol. 12). New York: McKinsey Global Institute. McDonald, M., 2012.Market Segmentation. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Mende, M., Bolton, R.N. and Bitner, M.J., 2013. Decoding customer-firm relationships: how attachment styles help explain customers' preferences for closeness, repurchase intentions, and changes in relationship breadth.Journal of Marketing Research,50(1), pp.125-142. https://www.ruthnbolton.com/Publications/MendeJMR2013.pdf Paharia, N., Avery, J. and Keinan, A., 2014. Positioning brands against large competitors to increase sales.Journal of Marketing Research,51(6), pp.647-656. Pavlou, P.A. and Stewart, D.W., 2015. Interactive Advertising: A New Conceptual Framework Towards Integrating Elements of the Marketing Mix. In New Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium (pp. 218-222). Springer International Publishing. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M. and Payne, A., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Tompson, G.H.J. and Kennedy, S.W., 2013. Perspectives: Where Exactly is the Target Market? Using Geographic Information Systems for Locating Potential Customers of a Small Business.Entrepreneurial Practice Review, p.57. Wrigley, N., 2014.Store Choice, Store Location and Market Analysis (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

Chinese Women Essays - Housewife, Marriage, Women In China

Chinese Women Women Situation in China Yuan Jiang CCF 9659 (Wednesday, December 4, 1996) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The current China men and women debate was strayed off from the issue of women's condition in China. Few articles give a comprehensive picture on the condition. First, Chinese tradition, like others, believes that the right place for women is home. Contacts with the west at the turn of this century did bring changes to the treatment of women, e.g. feet bonding and education. But the destiny of women was still home. The communist revolution brought Soviet ideas and practices to China. The idea is that men and women are equal. (Most communist ideas are good). Everything men can do, women can too. But there is another idea from the Soviet guiding the practice -- men and women are good at different things. Women are caring and detail oriented as they show at home. The practice is that housewives were encouraged to join the work force in late 50's and have stayed there. Girls are encouraged to be doctors, nurses, biologists, textile workers and are discouraged to take up physics and engineering by their parents. The shirts, shoes and toys you buy in discount stores are more likely to be made by China women rather by men. You will not be surprised to see women doctors everywhere in China or see women biologists saturating American graduate schools, but you don't see a male nurse or secretary. The result has been a mixed jar for women. Women can get career satisfaction in some professions but are not expected to do well in others. Women brings home part, usually less than half, of the family income and make more family decisions. However, having all housewives in the work force drove down everyone's salary, and every family relies on the second income from the wife. On the other hand, the wife is still expected to cook, to clean and to take care of the child, the elderly and husband. Wives end up having two jobs, one inside and the other outside of home. Further, they are denied the choice to stay home to take care children. Comparing to the west, more Chinese women are in the work force. They contribute more to the society economically, but the status and appreciation they enjoy are far less than the proportion they contribute. China lacks the women's revolution that swept the west -- especially the radical idea that women can live without men. I do not mean that women should or could live without men. I mean Chinese women should get out of the shadow of men, rediscover themselves and reshape the society which has been shaped by men. No surprise, many Chinese women have found that they can live without Chinese men and rediscovered themselves. [emailprotected] [Previous Article] [Next Article]

Free Essays on Health Promotion

Introduction The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the many approaches to, and considerations of, health promotion and health education. The fundamental basis of care, that being the nursing process of assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating, will be used to demonstrate the art of promoting health education. The paper hopes to convey that the definitions of health promotion and health education are being redefined and that nurses predominantly instigate health education and only rarely take part in health promotion. Therefore the focus of the paper will be on the nurse’s assessment and planning for the client within the process of health education rather than health promotion. A strong emphasis will be placed on client needs on an individual basis as well as special focus on the client’s ability to contribute towards their own health decisions. Finally a case study will be used to demonstrate how a health promotion plan is a cyclic process with the nurse contributing by helping the client make educated choices based on the nurse’s knowledge of client focused care. Context of Professional Practice as Health Education Whitehead D (2004) proposes that there is a fundamental difference between health promotion and health education. The latter being what a nurses currently does. Whitehead (2004) defines health promotion as â€Å"†¦the process by which the ecologically-driven socio-political-economic determinants of health are addressed as they impact on individuals and the communities within which they interact.† Therefore health promotion looks to exploit and improve social structure by means of encouraging participation between agents in different sectors and organization It therefore implies an act which aims to change and empower communities by political petition, scheduling change and raising a critical consciousness. The abovementioned definition suggests a holistic approach compared to the World Health Org... Free Essays on Health Promotion Free Essays on Health Promotion Introduction The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the many approaches to, and considerations of, health promotion and health education. The fundamental basis of care, that being the nursing process of assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating, will be used to demonstrate the art of promoting health education. The paper hopes to convey that the definitions of health promotion and health education are being redefined and that nurses predominantly instigate health education and only rarely take part in health promotion. Therefore the focus of the paper will be on the nurse’s assessment and planning for the client within the process of health education rather than health promotion. A strong emphasis will be placed on client needs on an individual basis as well as special focus on the client’s ability to contribute towards their own health decisions. Finally a case study will be used to demonstrate how a health promotion plan is a cyclic process with the nurse contributing by helping the client make educated choices based on the nurse’s knowledge of client focused care. Context of Professional Practice as Health Education Whitehead D (2004) proposes that there is a fundamental difference between health promotion and health education. The latter being what a nurses currently does. Whitehead (2004) defines health promotion as â€Å"†¦the process by which the ecologically-driven socio-political-economic determinants of health are addressed as they impact on individuals and the communities within which they interact.† Therefore health promotion looks to exploit and improve social structure by means of encouraging participation between agents in different sectors and organization It therefore implies an act which aims to change and empower communities by political petition, scheduling change and raising a critical consciousness. The abovementioned definition suggests a holistic approach compared to the World Health Org...

How google has used information systems to develop more competitive Essay - 1

How google has used information systems to develop more competitive new business models - Essay Example Business models will continue to change as they have owing to the dynamic nature of business, however through IT; it is possible to positively affect changes in all the functions of the company. Information systems are used in companies over the world as a supporting function that makes processes more efficient. This has been done so irrespective of the nature of the industry they have been used in. However, with respect to the software industry, there are certain deviations. In addition to being a support function IT tools are also used for the core functions of the company. In spite of this, IT management has not been given the attention it deserves and is still treated as a business enabler function. Hence, it is high time that IT management is seen as a tool that shapes the business model of the company resulting in the topic at hand. Although Google and Microsoft have been considered for this study, it has been done so with respect to their main fields of operation namely the search engine market and that of the operating systems although they have operations in other areas, some of which overlap. The reason behind this is that the characteristics of the market can be matched with that of the company to reveal the strategies of the companies. Thereafter, the company mission, vision and other objectives were studied so as to examine their alignment with the IT strategy of the company. Since this was available through company sources such as websites, annual reports, etc, academic resources were reserved for familiarization with the principles of IT management. Subsequently analysis was carried out on both the companies with respect to Porter’s models. Statistics regarding the industry in which each of the companies operates in proved especially useful in revealing their strategies. Finally, the significance of information systems in developing the business models of the companies was established. Having

LitReview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LitReview - Essay Example Consideration of a threat doles out as a restriction or limitation that creates hindrances to perform required tasks as it dissuades to take action considering losses and costs. The whole process can be seen as a military action in which, concerned parties are restricted to take any military action that would affect the foreign policy objectives of the two involved states. Any sort of initiation of combating action is deterred. Rational choice theory is another theory that is influential in terms of cyber security. This theory allows contemplation and differentiation of varied accessible tactics. Cornish & Clarke (1986) inform that this theory emerged considering a notion related to cost benefit analysis. For example, a criminal conducts a crime when it appears advantageous to him. The theory also puts light on challenger’s haziness towards defender’s selected option. Nevertheless, the theory fails to resolve the strategized relationship between concerned parties, which are thoroughly reviewed in game theory (Understanding Society, 2008). The challengers select their intended defenders diligently and also work on their combating strategies considering previously employed strategies by the defenders. According to Cavusoglu, Raghunathan & Yue (2008), Decision theory is weak in handling the challengers’ worked out strategies and revisiting of defender’s actions because as per the theory, defender regards challenger’s devised performances as ‘exogenous’. According to the game theory, defender’s choices and challenger’s actions are endogenous. According to the decision theory, the scenarios according to which, the involved parties have to take action are predefined due to which, the actions performed by actors are regarded exogenous. Von Newmann and Morgenstern (1944) inform that each contestant is eligible to evaluate ‘variables’ of his actions only. There are rational rules involved in cons idering of variables and comprehension of variables of other’s actions, which cannot be determined statistically. Therefore, it has been required to explore a more viable theory that can be applied to cyber security. Researchers have moved towards game theory to comprehend the relationship between actors in cyber security issues. In addition, Nisan and Ronen (1999), Nisan (2007) inform about mechanism design that has assisted towards development of protection and privacy mechanisms. These mechanisms are designed with the support of systematic results. Because of usage of game theory, there are certain security decisions. These security decisions are supportive in terms of distribution of restricted resources, stability of professed problems and consideration of core inducement mechanisms. In game theoretical model, more than one person are involved in the decision making process and examining the decisions made where players are either directly or indirectly involved to share the resources provided in the game. Games relevant to the strategic security can be simple or complex. The game can be helpful in solving the simple as well as complex formulated security issues. The security issues can be related to the wireless or computer controlled communication programs. The strategy can provide a solution of the user privacy issues, etc. Utilizing this theoretical model, a defender keeps maintaining the security of the network and the system, while an attacker always tries to access the secure

Socrates Nobody Desires Evil Philosophy Essay

Socrates Nobody Desires Evil Philosophy Essay The beliefs of Socrates includes: a) Nobody desires evil, b) Nobody makes a mistake or does wrong willingly or knowingly, c) Virtue all virtue is knowledge, d) Virtue is sufficient for happiness. Of the four beliefs, the most implausible that Socrates established is the point that happiness and excellence is the most important goals in life, made these depend upon the virtues, then made the acquisition of the virtues the unique prerogative of the intellect, of cognition, reason, and argument. The minor Socratics began with a similar evaluation of the importance of happiness and excellence; however, their critical appraisal of the possibility of ones gaining knowledge with the power to deliver these goods led them to form alternative approaches to practical ethics. This shows Socrates commitment to the belief that reason should serve as the ultimate arbitrator of will and goodness. 2. Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the nature of holiness. To understand the significance of their discussion it is fruitful to examine the nature of their discussion and the process by which they manage the terrain of their issue as having an importance greater than the subject itself has. The subject of holiness is interesting and arguably important, but it is a means of arriving at a still greater end. Socrates and Euthyphro approach their conversation with distinct attitudes regarding the health of their epistemic states. Euthyphro feels confident and sure of his mastery of the topic of holiness. In contrast, Socrates professes his ignorance. But his ignorance is not the easy ignorance of a lazy unimaginative man. Rather, his claim of ignorance is the result of careful reflection about the status of his own virtue. His character is one of ceaseless rational inquiry. Socrates worked to use reason to judge truth and bring order to his soul. Second, Socrates demands that any idea worth keeping must withstand careful scrutiny. In contrast, Euthyphro demonstrates the mental habits of a person lacking the persistence to penetrate an idea beyond initial impressions. Socrates is determined to help Euthyphro acknowledge this habit of his character and revise it in favor of the habit of aggressive reasoning. Such a habit, Socrates demonstrates, is crucial for eudaimonia. 3. Socrates explains that he has been pursuing his religious duty to decipher the riddle presented by the oracle at Delphi. Socrates devotes a fair amount of time to this particular matter of his reputation. In his defense, Socrates explains that his friend Chaerephon paid a visit to the oracle at Delphi and asked whether there was anyone wiser than Socrates. In answer to this question, the oracle answered that no one was wiser. Socrates is often portrayed announcing his ignorance on many matters of apparent importance. If there is a link between knowledge and wisdom it seems that Socrates, apparently impoverished in the first virtue, would likely be impoverished in the latter virtue. Socrates understood the attainment of knowledge to involve a sort of personal transformation. For example, insofar as one gains knowledge of goodness then one becomes good and acts in ways that are good. Thus, Socrates had a special conception of knowledge. With regard to the virtues, Socrates did not draw a distinction between knowing-that and knowing-how. The former type of knowledge denotes an understanding of facts while the latter denotes an ability to perform an action. For Socrates, if someone had knowledge of a virtue it meant that she could both define it and consistently acted in harmony with it. 4. The charge of corrupting the youth is ambiguous and vague. Such activity might be perceived to be counter to the proper upbringing of the youth who may be expected to accept and practice the traditions of their culture without scrutiny. Socrates has already revealed that even religious messages from the oracle must be subjected to rational inquiry to be properly understood. To make this point clear he identifies the example of horse training. It seems that if someone became the owner of a horse that she wanted properly trained she would take it to one of the few experts rather than hitch it in the town center where it would enjoy maximum exposure to the greatest amount of people. Yet if most people are benefactors rather than corrupters then one should indeed hitch her new horse in the town square. Yet the foolishness of this conclusion is clear. There is no reason to suspect that most people, even if they are not detrimental to the youth, are beneficial to the youth. It stems likely that genuine benefactors will be in the minority. From these premises Socrates concludes that either be does not corrupt the youth or if he does corrupt the youth it is unintentional. Socrates cannot corrupt the youth intentionally for by doing so he would hurt those with whom he associates and thus ultimately hurt himself. Assuming that Socrates possesses self-mastery, thi s is counter to premise two. This is logically impossible. 5. Socrates was the philosopher who tried to equate goodness, knowledge, and happiness, it is most likely that that was how many others regarded him, and responding to that project was philosophically more important than responding to Socrates the man. Socrates was the philosopher who claimed no certain knowledge, but who nonetheless could live a successful life, then that combination of qualities poses more interesting problems for Hellenistic philosophy than does the issue of whether Socrates really made such a claim. With this, it is unlikely that a democracy will produce qualified and effective leaders because it is difficult, some might say impossible, to know for certain exactly what he thought or said about knowledge, moral values, or happiness. 6. Socrates did not rely exclusively on analogy in his attempts to infer the nature of the virtues, it did constitute a prominent place in his eclectic arsenal and seems undoubtedly to have informed his conclusion that the virtues were technal. It is difficult to assess the implications but if I were in Socrates position, I wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t try to escape from prison. One practical result would be a reluctance to accept the conclusion that a virtue is in fact a techne, since such a characterization relies on a familiarity with types of knowledge and activity whose semblances to justice, bravery, and so on are most readily understood by comparison. As Socrates had pointed out, it is frequently more difficult to escape doing wrong than it is to escape death. A worthy life must include philosophy for it is the appropriate means to conduct the examination of ones life and pursue self-mastery.

The Properties of Chemical Reactions

Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty, Science 10 Fiona Adams, November 1st, 2012 Introduction Chemical reactions are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing colour in the fall. A  chemical reaction  is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. When a chemical reaction takes place, the change is indicated by one or more qualitative properties. The colour or odor could change, gas could be produced, a precipitate – a solid substance in a solution – could be formed, or energy could be absorbed or released.The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. When chemical reactions occur, the end result is called a product. Products usually have different properties than reactants; bonds between atoms will be changed during the reaction, switch the atoms’ arrangement in different compounds. A compound is a chemical substance that consists of t wo or more different chemically bonded elements. In this experiment, several different compounds are being worked with – potassium iodide, lead (II) nitrate, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate.The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not a reaction has taken place using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Procedure Part 1 – Qualitative observations of both potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were recorded in a table. Then, the equipment and chemicals needed were gathered – potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, a graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, small test tube, rubber stopper, and small scale. Using the graduated cylinder, 10 mL of potassium iodide solution was measured and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask.Next, the lead (II) nitrate solution was poured into the small test tube until it was approximately half full. The test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask, and sealed with a rubber stopper – the solutions were not mixed. The mass of flask, stopper and contents were determined by being placed and weighed on a small scale. The mass determined was then recorded in another table. The Erlenmeyer flask was tipped so the previously separate solutions were allowed to mix, and the new mixture was again weighed and recorded in the second table.Changes in appearance from the original solutions were recorded in the first table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Part 2 – Qualitative observations of both acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were recorded in a third table. Equipment and chemicals were gathered – acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, a small scale, two plastic â€Å"weigh boats†, scoopula, and graduated cylinder. The first weigh boat was placed on the scale and the scale was â€Å"zeroed†. One scoop of sodium bicarbonate was poured into the weigh boat with the scoopula, and the results were recorded in a fourth table.Next, the second weigh boat was placed o n the scale and zeroed. Using the graduated cylinder, 15 mL of acetic acid was measured and poured into the weigh boat on the scale. The mass of the acetic acid was recorded in the fourth table. The sodium bicarbonate, measured previously, was poured into the weigh boat of acetic acid, and qualitative observations of that were recorded in the third table. When the reaction was complete, the mass of the products shown on the scale was recorded in the fourth table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. ResultsQualitative Observations Part 1 – Before the reaction took place, both the potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate had similar characteristics – they were both in a liquid state, as well as being clear and colorless. After the reaction, the qualitative observations of the new substance showed several differences. It was yellow in color, and a grainy precipitate had formed. The substance remained in a liquid state. (Table 2) Quantitative Observations from Part 1 – Mass of Reactants and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Mass of Products and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Qualitative Observations Part 2 –Before the reaction took place, the acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate each had different qualitative characteristics. The acetic acid was clear, colorless and in a liquid state. The sodium bicarbonate, however, was a white powder, in a solid state. The reaction caused the new substance to bubble and foam, producing a gas. (Table 4) Quantitative Observations from Part 2 – Mass of Sodium Bicarbonate (g)| 1. 01| Mass of Acetic Acid (g)| 14. 29| Mass of Products (g)| 14. 88| Analysis Part 1: The chemical reaction that took place was evidenced by several qualitative observations.The colour of the two original substances was clear, and when combined the colour changed to yellow – a change of colour is clear evidence of a chemical reaction. The word equation for this reaction would be – potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate Potas sium nitrate and lead (II) iodide. In the form of a balanced equation, this reaction would be – 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2. Weighing both the reactants and the product showed that the mass of the reactants, with the apparatus, was 140. 26 grams. The mass of the product, with the apparatus, was also 140. 6 grams – the product of this reaction had the same mass as the reactants. These results were expected, based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The application of the Law of Conservation of Mass means that the mass of products in a chemical reaction will equal the mass of the reactants, and this is consistent with the results of the first experiment. Part 2 Several qualitative observations determined that a chemical reaction took place – the product bubbled, and a gas was produced.The chemical equation for this reaction is CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2. Put into a word equation, the equation would be acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide being a gas. Because a gas is present on the product side of the equation but not on the reactant side, the gas has been produced, which is evidence of a chemical reaction. Weighing the reactants and products showed that the combined mass of the reactants was 15. 30 grams. The combined mass of the products was 14. 8 grams, weighing slightly less than the reactants. This result was expected, because it is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Although the product weighed on the scale showed a slightly lower mass, this was because the carbon dioxide was a gas, and was not accounted for on the scale. To achieve better results and gain an accurate measurement of the products’ combined mass, it would be necessary to capture the gas and weigh it as well. Part 3: Extension For the chemical reaction AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, the total molecular mas s of the reactants would be 228. grams – silver nitrate (AgNO3) would have a mass of 169. 9 grams, and sodium chloride (NaCl) would have a mass of 58. 5 grams. Based on the experiments performed in the lab, and the Law of Conservation of Mass, it is expected that the mass of the products would be 228. 4 grams as well. This prediction can be proved by finding the molecular mass of the reactions products – multiply the mass number of each atom by the number of said atom, and add the amounts to determine the total mass of sodium nitrate and silver chloride, the products. ConclusionUsing qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was determined that reactions took place in each portion of the lab – the first between potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate; the second between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. In each section, the reactions were evidenced by several qualitative observations. When potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were combined, a change of colour occurred in the reactant and a precipitate was formed. This is evidence of a chemical change. When acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were combined, a gas was produced; also evidence of a chemical reaction.In the experiments, the Law of Conservation of Mass was discovered. The quantitative evidence in each section proved this law. In the first experiment, the mass of the products was equal to the mass of the reaction, indicating that matter was not created or destroyed in the reaction. The results of the second reaction showed a decrease in the mass of the product – however, this was only because the gas formed in the reaction could not be weighed. Application Much of the ease of our current lifestyle is due to the availability of fresh air, pure water and access to resources – all of which are almost entirely taken from the environment.When fossil fuels like coal and oil are mined and utilize, the result is a huge negative impact on the many aspects of the environmen t, and as a direct consequence, our lifestyles. Coal and oil have to be extracted from deep under the earth, transported, and burned. At each stage of this process, greenhouse gases – i. e. , carbon dioxide – are produced. Burning is especially bad for the environment; when burned, fossil fuels like coal and oil release mass amounts of carbon, which then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. References University of Washington.Chemical Reactions – an Introduction. http://depts. washington. edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem110A_aut01/notes_Week_5. pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Science Daily. Science Reference – Chemical Compound. http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/c/chemical_compound. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). American University. Oil Production and Environmental Damage. http://www1. american. edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Chem Professor. Reactants and Products. http://www. chemprofessor. com/outline7b. htm (acces sed Oct. 30, 2012).

A Glimpse of the Japanese Era through Filipino Paintings Essay

I.1 Background in the selection of the topic and AV Media to use. In Philippine history, many countries had tried to own the lands from when the time Spaniards first stepped in to the time of World War II where the country was invaded by Japanese army. Because of the invasions and wars, many Filipino people sacrificed their lives for freedom and democracy. Just like the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal who sacrificed his life to awaken people’s patriotism, many artists also made artworks to express their feelings on how the natives were treated back then. Flash card, from the term itself, is a card used to display something including words and even images for pictorial cards just like posters. They are simple, cheap, versatile, yet often underexploited resources. Using them is a great way to present topics that include images and other visual symbols. With the aid of flash cards as instructional module, audience could learn better, understand and remember about the life of the Filipino people under the Japanese administration through some of the paintings made by Filipino painters. I.2 Importance and Significance of the chosen topic and the AV Media to use At present, the rise of new artworks is noticeable worldwide. Sometimes, artworks of the earlier times are neglected and forgotten, thus this topic is chosen to have a glimpse of our past and look back on the happenings that leaved significant marks in our history. This topic would also help the present generation recall about the country’s historical events and create a sense of nationalism to fight for freedom. Topics on artworks such as in the field of painting should at least include visual media to enhance discussion and keep the interest of the audience. The use of flash cards with printed image of the actual paintings on the Japanese occupation could help audience visualize, learn more and understand better the life of the people and the condition of the country back then. On the side of the lecturer, he doesn’t have to spend too much since he can create his own sets of flash cards for his specific needs. IIOBJECTIVES. II.1 General Objective To describe the art of painting that reflects the condition of the country during the Japanese times II.2 Specific Objectives To describe the nature of the paintings of the Japanese era and the styles used by the painters To discuss the purpose or intention of the painters and what message they want to convey in making their artwork III.DISCUSSION III.1 Review of Literature of the chosen Topic and AV Media Chosen From one colonizer to another–after more than three centuries of Spanish rule, the Americans came and then the Japanese to enslave our country. In response to the Japanese propaganda, according to Dr. Alice G. Guillermo, Filipino painters reacted by producing the following works: †¢ paintings that may be implicitly supportive of the Japanese occupation such as Vicente Alvarez Dizon’s â€Å"A Day Begins† done in 1942 †¢ genre scenes that seem neutral such as Crispin V. Lopez’s â€Å"Baguio Market† made in 1943 showing Japanese soldiers interacting with women vegetable vendors †¢ paintings that bring out national identity such as Emilio G. Santiago’s â€Å"Christmas Eve† made in 1942 which shows a traditional Filipino scene that evokes nostalgia †¢ paintings alluding to the social conditions of the time such as Pilar M. Santiago’s â€Å"Evacuees† made in 1941,Irineo Miranda’s Home from Work made in 1944, and Simon Saulog’s Conspiracy made in 1943 which shows a group of men in an evening meeting which suggests to the underground anti-Japanese movement. A suspension on artistic activity was prevalent during the Japanese occupation. However, some visual artists still managed to produce artworks based on the atrocities brought by the war. Artists represented in the collection: Dominador Castaà ±eda, Demetrio Diego, Diosdado Lorenzo, Romeo Tabuena, Gene Cabrera and others. In the field of painting, the most disturbing and the largest is Diosdado Lorenzo’s â€Å"Rape and Massacre in Ermita†. Lorenzo’s painting portraying two Japanese soldiers raping and killing family members in an Ermita home depicted a common horror not just in Manila neighborhoods but throughout many parts of the country. A young girl in the foreground is already dead from stab wounds, while another young girl with long hair in the background is naked and wounded. The husband has just been bayoneted. The wife struggling with a Japanese soldier clutching a knife, her breasts exposed, is about to be raped and murdered. A crying baby in a crib is a foreboding sign. There were countless stories by World War II survivors who saw Japanese soldiers flinging babies into the air and thrusting them with bayonets as they fell to earth. An altar with dangling rosaries is set on one side, mute and helpless. Tropical foliage seen from an open window vainly hides the fire and terror occurring outside. Dominador Castaneda’s work, entitled â€Å"Doomed Family† is of a different intensity but harrowing as well. Done in 1945, this oil on canvas has the feel of a silent scream. A mother lays dead; her long hair on the floor simulates blood. A lifeless father is bound in rope, his bloodied back mercilessly whipped. A child, still alive and tied, has her mouth open emitting perhaps a frightened helpless wail. One cannot tell if they are depicted in a home or in a cell. Their doom in the dark is the only certainty. A third painting related to World War II is entitled â€Å"Capas† by Demetrio Diego, a distinguished painter and former chief artist for the Sunday Times Magazine. It depicts the slow and agonizing death of Filipino prisoners-of-war in a Tarlac internment camp. The prisoner in the center seems to check on his companion’s condition beside him. The act is noble but futile. A man seated at the foot of the bamboo bed is malnourished and ready to die. Another famous Filipino historical and war painter is Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto. He is known as â€Å"The Painter of Philippine Sunlight† because his works capture the brilliance of the Philippine sun. He paints from within the Filipino values, character and soul. The artistic trademark of Amorsolo and his greatest contribution to Philippine painting is the backlighting technique. In a typical Amorsolo painting, figures are outlined against a characteristic glow, and intense light on one part of the canvas highlights nearby details. Portrayals of human sorrow and suffering were revealed through his illustrations of â€Å"women mourning their dead husbands, files of people with pushcarts and makeshift bags leaving a dark burning city tinged with red from fire and blood†. One particular painting, the Defense of a Filipina Woman’s Honor (1945), had two figures huddled in a corner: a man defiantly about to defend his wife or daughter from being raped or executed by an invisible Japanese soldier. The Japanese soldier is outside Amorsolo’s canvas, but from the defiant look of the man, it can be assumed that the intruder is still inside the house. This painting represented his unspoken defiance against oppression. There are several ways of presenting the topic—one of which is the use of flash cards especially for the images of the paintings which portrays the happenings in the Philippine history. Though there are other better ways of presenting it such as through PowerPoint, flash cards are more applicable especially when there is no access to computer for the operation, and they can also be used as back-up modules if ever there is power failure during the PowerPoint presentation. Flash cards are handy and cheaper compared to other AV media. The thing that matters most when using flash cards is that they should be of the same sizes that are visible to a certain size of audience. III.2 Materials and Procedure in the Preparation of the AV Media The materials needed in the discussion are: cards (folder size) to be used as flash cards, printed photos or images of the paintings, and glue to mount the printed images on the cards. The first step in the production of the AV media is choosing an interesting topic that is applicable for the chosen media. Researching for related literature follows and summarizing the content of the research by choosing the most important details for the presentation. Next is to have printed image of the paintings included in the research made and mounting them to the folder-size cards. The last thing to do is to practice for the presentation and proper use of the media chosen. III.3 Application of the AV Media The flash cards will be used in presenting the paintings made by the Filipino painters on the Japanese occupation. They will also be used to present important facts such as the title of the paintings, names of the painters and a little detail of the paintings shown. This will help audience to get familiar with the artworks, remember who painted them and what the paintings were implying. III.4 Sample Test/ Evaluation questions 1. Who are some of the Filipino painters who made paintings about the Japanese period in the country? 2. What common message do their paintings convey? 3. What are the media used by these painters in creating their pieces? 4. What is the name of the Dominador Castaneda’s painting? 5. What happened to the artistic activities during the Japanese occupation? 6. Who was called as â€Å"the Painter of the Philippine Sunlight?† 7. What was Amosrolo’s biggest contribution to the Philippine painting? 8. Who was the painter of the â€Å"Rape and Massacre in Ermita†? 9. How was the life of Filipinos during Japanese occupation? 10. What does â€Å"Capas† by Demetrio Diego depicts? IVCONCLUSION In the Philippines, almost all fields of art and our history have connections to other countries. The culture that the Filipinos have at present was influenced by the foreign countries that once colonized the Philippines. For the four years of the Japanese occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the colonizers, as a means of propaganda, used the visual arts. They produced posters, leaflets, flyers, comics, and illustrations that were dropped from passing airplanes. These included colored drawings, watercolor, photographs, photomontages, or calendar illustrations. The sixties and the seventies became a period of experimentation and exploration of new media, techniques, styles, forms of expression, and concepts in art. It also marked the increased consciousness of visual artists to bring their art closer to the people through forms like murals, prints, and cartoons. Paintings, for example, were one of the artworks that the Filipino people used in expressing their feelings to awaken patriotism of their countrymen. V.SUMMARY. In Philippine history, many countries had tried to own the lands from when the time Spaniards first stepped in to the time of World War II where the country was invaded by Japanese army. Because of the invasions and wars, many Filipino people sacrificed their lives for freedom and democracy. Just like the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal who sacrificed his life to awaken people’s patriotism, many artists also made artworks to express their feelings on how the natives were treated back then. At present, the rise of new artworks is noticeable worldwide. Sometimes, artworks of the earlier times are neglected and forgotten, thus this topic is chosen to have a glimpse of our past and look back on the happenings that leaved significant marks in our history. The general objective of this module is to describe the art of painting that reflects the condition of the country during the Japanese times. Specific objectives are: to describe the nature of the paintings of the Japanese era and the styles used by the painters; and to discuss the purpose or intention of the painters and what message they want to convey in making their artwork. There are several ways of presenting the topic—one of which is the use of flash cards especially for the images of the paintings which portrays the happenings in the Philippine history. Though there are other better ways of presenting it such as through PowerPoint, flash cards are more applicable especially when there is no access to computer for the operation, and they can also be used as back-up modules if ever there is power failure during the PowerPoint presentation. The flash cards will be used in presenting the paintings made by the Filipino painters on the Japanese occupation. They will also be used to present important facts such as the title of the paintings, names of the painters and a little detail of the paintings shown. This will help audience to get familiar with the artworks, remember who painted them and what the paintings were implying. For the four years of the Japanese occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the colonizers, as a means of propaganda, used the visual arts. The sixties and the seventies became a period of experimentation and exploration of new media, techniques, styles, forms of expression, and concepts in art. It also marked the increased consciousness of visual artists to bring their art closer to the people through forms like murals, prints, and cartoons. Paintings, for example, were one of the artworks that .the Filipino people used in expressing their feelings to awaken patriotism of their countrymen. VI.REFERENCES Silva, John L. March 4, 2007. â€Å"Paintings To Remind Us Of Japanese Cruelties In World. War II†.John’s Thoughts And Deeds. Hernandez, Eloisa May P. â€Å"The American and Contemporary Traditions in Philippine Visual Arts†. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Salvio, Ma. Czarina Colleen C. September 2011. â€Å"Philippine Art Paintings†. When my Life Begins. http://colleensalvio.blogspot.com/2011/09/philippine-art-paintings.html http://littleprincess1.hubpages.com/hub/The-Controversial-Painting http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fernando_Amorsolo#Historical_and_War_ Paintings Killkathari. February 2013. B’s LOG 5. http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/using-flash-cards-young-learners.